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排序方式: 共有199条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
废塑料生产胶粘剂的研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
讨论了利用废塑料制取胶粘剂的方法,并叙述了该胶粘剂的配方选择、性能试验、主要特点和用途 相似文献
92.
Development of a catalytic cracking process for converting waste plastics to petrochemicals 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Junya Nishino Masaaki Itoh Tadashi Ishinomori Nobuhiko Kubota Yoshio Uemichi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2003,5(2):89-93
The catalytic degradation of polyolefin using H-gallosilicates was examined using a bench-scale reactor (0.8kg/h) with semicontinuous feeding and the following plastics: (1) low-density polyethylene (LDPE) pellets; (2) linear low-density polyethylene (L-LDPE) pellets; (3) high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pellets; (4) polypropylene (PP) pellets; (5) polyolefin obtained from pulverized industrial waste plastics. The yields of liquid compounds from these materials, which were aromatics in most cases, ranged from 55wt% to 68wt%. With an increase in the ratio of total reactant to catalyst, the liquid yield remained the same. Yields of benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTXs) decreased rapidly to below 50wt% at a ratio of more than 30. Differences in this ratio for BTXs were always small and were independent of the material. Only about half of the gas product was propane with a fresh catalyst. When the experiments were repeated, propylene, isobutane, and isobutene were found to increase. 相似文献
93.
Waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kenji?KatoEmail author Seiji?Nomura Hiroshi?Uematsu 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2003,5(2):98-101
The Japan Iron and Steel Federation (JISF), as its voluntary energy-saving action plan, proposed a 10% energy reduction by 2010 with 1990 as the basis. Further, it has suggested an additional 1.5% energy saving by the use of waste plastics as a metallurgical raw material. The amount of processing of waste plastics which corresponds to this amount of energy conversion is about 1 million t scale during 1 year. Conventional known methods for recycle-processing of waste plastics include, for example, the method of injection into a blast furnace to use waste plastics as an iron-ore reducing agent instead of coal. On the other hand, the coking process is considered to be suitable as a waste plastic recycling facility because the process involves coal carbonization in a high-temperature and reducing atmosphere. Carbonization tests with mixed waste plastics were conducted with laboratory equipment and in actual coke ovens. As a result, it was confirmed that the waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens is feasible. Therefore, a waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens was started as a chemical recycling technology at Nippon Steel. 相似文献
94.
Yusaku?SakataEmail author Thallada?Bhaskar Md. Azhar?Uddin Akinori?Muto Toshiki?Matsui 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2003,5(2):113-124
Dehalogenation is a key technology in the feedstock recycling of mixed halogenated waste plastics. In this study, two different methods were used to clarify the effectiveness of our proposed catalytic dehalogenation process using various carbon composites of iron oxides and calcium carbonate as the catalyst/sorbent. The first approach (a two-step process) was to develop a process for the thermal degradation of mixed halogenated waste plastics, and also develop dehalogenation catalysts for the catalytic dehydrochlorination of organic chlorine compounds from mixed plastic-derived oil containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) using a fixed-bed flow-type reactor. The second approach (a single-step process) was the simultaneous degradation and dehalogenation of chlorinated (PVC) and brominated (plastic containing brominated flame retardant, HIPS–Br) mixed plastics into halogen-free liquid products. We report on a catalytic dehalogenation process for the chlorinated and brominated organic compounds formed by the pyrolysis of PVC and brominated flame retardant (HIPS–Br) mixed waste plastics [(polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS)], and also other plastics. During dehydrohalogenation, the iron- and calcium-based catalysts were transformed into their corresponding halides, which are also very active in the dehydrohalogenation of organic halogenated compounds. The halogen-free plastic-derived oil (PDO) can be used as a fuel oil or feedstock in refineries. 相似文献
95.
废旧塑料用于印染废水脱色研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
探讨了在阳离子助剂及十二烷基苯磺酸钠存在下,利用废旧塑料对阴离子染料的脱色工艺。结果表明,此脱色工艺具有脱色温度低、时间短、脱色率高、操作简单等优点。 相似文献
96.
Recycle technology for waste plastics containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been developed in the Hokkaido National Industrial
Research Institute for the production of solid and liquid fuel, and has established a recycling process which includes a dechlorination
process for PVC plastics, and a two-stage catalytic pyrolysis process for plastics using zeolite catalysts. The dechlorination
equipment consists of a two-axis screw extruder with a heating element, which can remove chlorine up to 99.9 wt. % from PVC
containing plastics as hydrogen chloride. The product had about 44 000 kJ/kg calorific value and was fed into the next oil
production process, although it could also be used as a solid fuel. Natural and synthetic zeolite were used as catalysts for
the two-stage catalytic process, which produced a light oil with a boiling point which was between those of kerosene and gasoline.
The yield of this oil reached 82 wt. %. The chemical type was analyzed using liquid chromatography, and was found to have
many aromatic compounds. These technologies make it possible to produce a nonpolluting, high-calorie solid fuel and a liquid
fuel very efficiently.
Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: September 21, 2000 相似文献
97.
98.
The primary biodegradability of polyethylene (PE) films containing different percentages of cornstarch (0–50%) and other additives (prooxidant, oxidized polyethylene) was tested using four species of earthworms (Eisenia fetida, Lumbricus terrestris, Aporectodea trapezoides, Aporectodea tuberculata), three species of cockroaches (Periplaneta americana, Blaberus sp.,Blattella germanica), termites (Reticulotermes flavipes), sowbugs (Porcellio laevis), and crickets (Acheta domesticus). These studies were conducted to elucidate the potential role of soil macroinvertebrates in degrading starch/PE biodegradable plastics. The results of the macroinvertebrate bioassays indicate that crickets, cockroaches, and sowbugs consumed starch-containing PE films most readily. In addition, the degree to which the films were attacked and consumed was directly related to the starch content of the film. Films with oxidized polyethylene and those containing prooxidant (vegetable oil and a transition metal catalyst) were also consumed. None of the four species of earthworms tested or the termites showed any activity toward the starch/polyethylene films. These results have important implications for determining the fate of novel plastic formulations which claim to be biodegradable in natural environments. Studies such as these, coupled with studies on microbial degradation, will help provide the type of information needed to assess the environmental fate of biodegradable starch/PE plastics and fill the voids in the scientific database regarding this rapidly developing field. 相似文献
99.
Anthony L. Pometto III Kenneth E. Johnson Meera Kim 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1993,1(3):213-221
Eleven starch-polyethylene degradable plastic films were prepared from masterbatches from Archer Daniels Midland Inc. (ADM), EcoStar Inc. (SLS), and Fully Compounded Plastic Inc. The biodegradability of initial and 70°C heat-treated materials was determined using a pure-culture assay withStreptomyces badius 252,S. setonii 75Vi2, orS. viridosporus T7A or without bacterial culture (control). Films were treated with 10-foldS. setonii culture concentrates and compared with inactive enzyme controls. Changes in each films mechanical property, molecular weight distribution, and Fourier-transformed infrared spectrum (FT-IR) were determined, and results were evaluated for significant differences by analysis of variance. Cell mass accumulation on each film was quite pronounced. In pure-culture studies, biodegradation was demonstrated for ADM-7 and SLS-2 initial films and for ADM-6 heat-treated films, whereas after 3-week treatment with activeS. setonii culture concentrates (enzyme assay), reductions in mechanical properties and changes in FT-IR spectrum were illustrated by all the films except SLS-2. Thus the absence of biofilm formation on the film surface permitted enzymatic attack of the materials. Furthermore, inhibition of chemical oxidative degradation in the pure-culture assay was demonstrated for ADM-11, SLS-5, and SLS-10 initial materials and for ADM-4, ADM-7, SLS-8, and SLS-10 heat-treated films. These data suggest that biological and chemical degradation were directly affected by the reduction in oxygen tension on the plastic film surface due to cell mass accumulation. This same phenomenon could be the cause for slow degradation rates in nature.Journal Paper No. J-15061 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project Nos. 0178 and 2889. 相似文献
100.
ABSTRACTWhile bioinvasion was an issue of low political salience in Europe, a new regulation addressing it was adopted in 2014 with strong support. This article analyzes the making of the regulation as an intriguing case of policy expansion amid economic crisis. Based on theoretical literature on drivers of EU policy integration and policy dismantling, alternative plausible explanations are explored. Our main finding is that development of economic policy consensus among member states on trade-environment nexus was crucial for progress towards regulatory action. Policy consensus has been driven by a confluence of three domestic factors: trade liberalization, market disintegration, and changing ideas about the desirability of EU-level law, with the European Commission as policy entrepreneur. Low political salience has also had an important effect. It has increased the influence of transnational conservation alliances, which have played a significant catalytic role in building consensus by shifting consciousness to economic reward of policy action vs inaction, and bringing international models for legislative reform to the EU jurisdiction. 相似文献